Sacred Valley
The Sacred Valley of the Incas, also known as the Urubamba Valley, is a significant historical and cultural region located in the Andes of Peru, north of the former Inca capital of Cusco. Here are some key aspects of the Sacred Valley:
1. Geography and Climate:
The valley stretches approximately 100 kilometers from Pisac to Ollantaytambo.
Elevations range from 3,000 meters at Pisac to 2,050 meters near Machu Picchu.
The climate is temperate, with consistent temperatures year-round and two distinct seasons: dry (April to October) and rainy (November to March).
2. Historical Significance:
The area was inhabited by various civilizations, including the Chanapata (800 BCE), Qotacalla (500-900 CE), and Killke (900-1420 CE), before the Inca Empire took control in 1420.
It was a crucial agricultural center for the Inca Empire, known for maize production and access to tropical products like coca leaves.
3. Archaeological Sites:
The valley is home to numerous Inca ruins and archaeological sites, including Pisac, Ollantaytambo, Moray, and Chinchero.
Machu Picchu, while not in the valley proper, is closely associated with the region.
4. Tourism:
The Sacred Valley is a major tourist destination, with 1.6 million people visiting Machu Picchu alone in 2019.
Visitors can explore Inca ruins, traditional markets, and experience local culture and cuisine.
5. Activities and Attractions:
Hiking trails, including the famous Inca Trail to Machu Picchu.
Agricultural terraces (andenes) built by the Incas are still visible and sometimes in use.
The Maras salt pans, an impressive example of Inca engineering.
Traditional textiles and markets, particularly in Pisac.
6. Local Culture:
The area maintains strong connections to its Inca heritage, with Quechua still spoken by many locals.
Traditional practices, such as communal cooking and agricultural techniques, are still prevalent.
7. Accommodation and Travel:
The valley offers a range of lodging options, from budget hostels to luxury resorts.
It's often used as an acclimatization stop for travelers heading to higher-altitude destinations like Cusco or Machu Picchu.
The Sacred Valley offers a unique blend of historical significance, natural beauty, and living culture, making it a crucial part of many Peru itineraries beyond just being a gateway to Machu Picchu.
